Analysis of the Implementation for Quantum Hall Effect in Metrology and Sensors Application

Abstract

The Quantum Hall effect, a remarkable phenomenon in physics, has had a profound impact on metrology and sensor technologies. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of its implementation in these fields. The historical development of the QHE is traced, from the initial discovery of the Hall effect to the integer, fractional, and quantum anomalous Hall effects. The fundamental concepts, including different classifications and their characteristics, are elucidated. The applications in metrology, such as providing highly accurate resistance standards and determining fundamental constants, and in sensors, like those used in automotive and power systems, are detailed with their underlying principles and results. The limitations, mainly related to extreme experimental conditions, and the promising future prospects, e.g., the search for new materials and expanded application domains, are also discussed. The research is significant as it offers a valuable resource for understanding the current state and potential future directions of the QHE's utilization in metrology and sensor applications.