Fractal Characteristics of the Relationship between Industrial Water Use Efficiency and Economic Development at Multiple Temporal and Spatial Scales

Chengwen Sun; Ziwei Wang; Luran Zhang; Zhigang Ni; Wenpeng Wang; Yifan Yan; Bo Liu

doi:10.54097/1d094n02

Authors

Chengwen Sun
Ziwei Wang
Luran Zhang
Zhigang Ni
Wenpeng Wang
Yifan Yan
Bo Liu

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54097/1d094n02

Keywords:

IWUE, EDL, Fractal dimension, Correlation, Spatial-temporal scales

Abstract

The fractal theory is introduced to explore the stable fractal characteristics of the correlation between industrial water use efficiency (IWUE) and economic development level (EDL) at different spatial and temporal scales. The research was carried out based on statistical data including the water consumption per 10⁴ yuan of industrial added value (as IWUE) and per capita GDP (as EDL) of 336 cities in China from 1998 to 2017 and 142 countries across the world in 2017. The results show that during 1998-2017, the IWUE and the EDL of Chinese cities have improved gradually. Although the difference of IWUE and EDL among cities has gradually narrowed, the fractal dimension of the correlation between them has remained at around 1.45 in the past 20 years. The overall fractal characteristics is stable while the value of individual city is dynamic with time. Spatially, relationship between IWUE and EDL also maintains a stable fractal pattern for cities in different sub-regions and international countries. The stable fractal characteristics of EDL and IWUE at different spatial-temporal scales lays a theoretical foundation for further exploration of the structure of WUE regulation model and management target.

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