Advances in Electromagnetic Principles of Power Transformers: A Review of Theory and Applications

Xiaobei Yang

doi:10.54097/erbhk907

Authors

Xiaobei Yang

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54097/erbhk907

Keywords:

Transformers, power grids, power transformers, insulating materials, windings.

Abstract

In the field of power systems, power transformers are crucial for electric energy transmission, and improving their energy efficiency is vital for the low-carbon transition of power grids. Traditional oil-immersed transformers face three major technical challenges: ecological hazards (mineral oil has a flash point of 160°C and is hard to degrade), sharp increase in losses under low load (efficiency drops sharply when load is below 30%), and difficulties in intelligent monitoring (partial discharge identification accuracy is below 85%). This study innovates in multiple aspects: optimizing the dielectric-thermal properties of vegetable ester insulating oil and nano-modified pressboard to address environmental issues; upgrading core materials and suppressing eddy currents to reduce losses; integrating power electronics regulation with AI algorithms to build an intelligent sensing system. The research shows that the synergy of material, structural, and intelligent technologies can enhance the full life cycle efficiency of transformers, support a 0.5% annual reduction in grid power consumption (equivalent to a 120-million-ton annual carbon emission reduction), and drive the green and intelligent development of power equipment.

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