Research on Architectural Conservation Based on Ethnographic Methods: A Case Study of the Conservation and Renewal of Historic Districts

Abstract

With the acceleration of the commercialization of historic districts, the traditional commercial blocks represented by Beijing Fang and Dashilar are facing multiple challenges, such as the dissolution of cultural authenticity, the homogenization of business formats, and the squeeze of residents' living space. Based on an ethnographic approach, this study analyzes the business operation patterns and social impacts of the two neighborhoods through participatory observations, questionnaires, and in-depth interviews. The study found that time-honored brands build cultural premiums through strategies such as "intangible cultural heritage experience", but excessive commercialization has led to a significant reduction in historical value. Beijing Fang's modern integration model attracts young consumer groups, but due to the "Internet celebrity", it has caused a controversy of "insufficient Beijing flavor". The living space of residents has been eroded by the tourism economy, and the conflict in the use of public facilities has intensified. The conclusions show that it is necessary to balance cultural preservation and commercial development, establish a community participation mechanism, and explore sustainable renewal paths.