Application of Nanomaterials in Electrochemical Sensors

Abstract

Electrochemical sensors are widely used in various fields, and traditional sensors face problems such as poor selectivity, low stability and limited sensitivity, and nanomaterials are expected to improve their performance. In this study, the application of nanomaterials in electrochemical sensors is discussed in depth using an enzyme-free electrochemical biosensor as an example. The results of this paper show that nanomaterials can significantly improve the sensitivity, selectivity and stability of sensors. The high specific surface area and good electronic conductivity endow it with a high sensitivity coefficient. The chemical modification effect can enhance its selectivity for target substances and the physical protection function makes it have better stability, and can accelerate the response speed to promote the transmission process of measured substances and intermediate products such as electrons. However, the existence of problems such as complex preparation methods, high cost and possible toxicity to the human body also restricts the development of nanocomposite membrane sensors. The significance of this study is to elucidate the advantages and disadvantages of nanomaterials in electrochemical sensors and provide guidance for future research.  Future development should center on new material development and technology integration to reduce costs and overcome existing problems, promoting the progress of electrochemical sensors.