Trim Analysis of Helicopter Rotor in Forward Flight
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54097/ptjkjb66Keywords:
Enter key words or phrases in alphabetical order, separated by commasAbstract
Rotor trim is an important prerequisite for conducting an accurate aerodynamic computation of helicopter rotor. In order to accurately obtain the rotor control settings such as collective pitch and cyclic pitch, trim analysis of helicopter rotor in forward flight based on CFD method is carried out. Firstly, a rotor trimming method for forward flight and CFD numerical method are introduced. Then, the moving-embedded grid method is applied to perform trim calculation on the flowfield of AH-1G rotor under forward flight test condition. Finally, the CFD calculation of rotor control settings are compared with flight test data. The comparison results suggest that the rotor trimming and CFD numerical methods are reasonable and feasible for the numerical simulation on unsteady flowfield of a trimmed rotor in forward flight. Compared with flight test data, the calculated collective pitch of trimmed AH-G rotor is about 0.19 degrees smaller with an error of 3.2%. The calculated rotor control settings have a certain degree of accuracy, which can meet the engineering application needs on evaluation of trimmed helicopter rotor control settings and lay the foundation for further accurate numerical simulation research of rotor aerodynamic characteristics.
Downloads
References
[1] S.C. Wang, G.H. Xu, Progress of Helicopter Rotor Aerodynamics, Journal of Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics, 2001, 33(3): 203-211.
[2] Z.Y. Xiao, Investigation of Computational Modeling Techniques for Rotor Flowfields, China Aerodynamic Research and Development Center, Mianyang, 2007.
[3] W. Johnson, Rotorcraft aeromechanics, Cambridge university press, 2013.
[4] G.H. Xu, Q.J. Zhao, Z. Gao, et al, Prediction of aerodynamic interactions of helicopter rotor on its fuselage, Chinese Journal of Aeronautics, 2002, 15(1): 12-17.
[5] X. Jiang, Z.Y. Xiao, Z.B. Chen, et al. Numerical simulation of Rotor/Airframe Aerodynamic Interaction, Helicopter Technique, 2007, 151(3): 4-10.
[6] J.G. Leishman, N. Bi, Aerodynamic interactions between a rotor and a fuselage in forward flight, Journal of the American Helicopter Society, 1990, 35(3): 22-31.
[7] Y.M. Park, O.J. Kwon. Simulation of Unsteady Rotor Flow Using Unstructured Adaptive Sliding Meshes, Journal of the American Helicopter Society, 2004, 49(4):391-400.
[8] H. Pomin, S. Wagner. Navier-Stokes Analysis of Helicopter Rotor Aerodynamics in Hover and Forward Flight, Journal of Aircraft, 2002, 39(5):813-821.
[9] H. Pomin, S. Wagner. Aeroelastic analysis of helicopter rotor blades on deformable chimera grids. Journal of Aircraft, 2004, 41(3):577–584.
[10] R. Renzoni, A.D. Alascio, N. Kroll, et al. A common European Euler code for the analysis of the helicopter rotor flowfeld. Progress in Aerospace Sciences, 2000, 36:437– 485.
[11] Z. Zhou, J. T. Huang, Y. Huang, et al. CFD technology in aeronautic engineering field: Applications, challenges and development. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2017, 38(3): 1-25.
[12] C. Yan. Achievements and predicaments of CFD in aeronautics in past forty years. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2022, 43(10): 21-57.
[13] G.H. Xu, Q.J. Zhao, Advances in CFD of helicopter rotor, Journal of Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics, 2003, 35(3): 338-344.
[14] R.C. Strawn, F.X. Carodonna, E.P.N. Duque, 30 years of rotorcraft computational fluid dynamics research and development, Journal of the American Helicopter Society, 2006, 51(1): 5-20.
[15] Z.Y. Xiao, Y.H. Guo, L. Zhang, et al. An analysis of current status and prospects of CFD based simulation of rotorcrafts. Acta Aerodynamica Sinica, 2021, 39(4):14-25.
[16] A.T. Conlisk. Modern helicopter aerodynamics. Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics,1997, 29:515-567.
[17] R. Steijl, G. Barakos and K. Badcock. A framework for CFD analysis of helicopter rotors in hover and forward flight. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids, 2006, 51:819–847.
[18] K. Chung, C. Hwang, Y. Park, et al. Numerical predictions of rotorcraft unsteady air-loadings and BVI noise by using a time-marching free-wake and acoustic analogy. 31th European Rotorcraft Forum, Firenz, 2005.
[19] J. W. Kim, S. H. Park, and Y. H. Yu. Euler and Navier-Stokes simulations of helicopter rotor blade in forward flight using an overlapped grid solver. 19th AIAA Computational Fluid Dynamics, San Antonio, Texas, 22-25 June 2009.
[20] Z. Ye, Y. J. Shi, G. H. Xu.Analytical method of rotor aerodynamic characteristics by coupling a high-efficiency trim strategy. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2017, 32(4):882-889.
[21] J.Q. Chen, Advances in the key technologies of Chinese national numerical windtunnel project, SCIENTIA SINICA Technologica, 2021, 51(11): 1326-1347.
[22] B. Mou, Z.Y. Xiao, Z. Zhou, et al, Application and investigation of multiblock multigrid method in complicated viscous flow fields calculation, Acta Aerodynamica Sinica, 2006, 24(1): 51-54.
[23] J.L. Cross, M.E. Watts. Tip aerodynamics and acoustics test: a report ad data survey. NASA-RP-1179, 1988.
[24] Y. H. Guo, X. Jiang, Z. Y. Xiao, et al. An automatic parallel and implicit assembly method for overset grid. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2021, 42(6): 312-330.
[25] Z. Li, X.W. Zhang, F. He, Evaluation of vortex criteria by virtue of the quadruple decomposition of velocity gradient tensor, Acta Physica Sinica, 2014, 63(5): 1-7.
[26] T.F. Egeberg, Onset and progressing of vortical structures for a surface combatant at drift angles 0, 10 and 20 degrees, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, 2013.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.