Simulation Study of Greenhouse Crop Layer Environment Based on Heat and Mass Transfer

Abstract

Greenhouse environmental control is one of the key technologies in modern facility agriculture, and accurate prediction of its environmental parameters is crucial for crop growth. This paper investigates the characteristics of heat transfer and fluid flow in greenhouse environments through numerical simulation, analyzing greenhouse conditions with and without crops. The study establishes a mathematical model based on the Navier-Stokes equations, solving temperature and velocity fields for a single-fan greenhouse using the finite difference method, and introduces the crop layer as a porous medium for comprehensive analysis incorporating Darcy's law. The results indicate that under the current fan parameter settings, the environmental parameters at both 0.5m and 0.1m heights within the crop layer fail to meet optimal growth requirements, with temperature distribution unable to maintain within the ideal range of 23-26℃ and wind velocity failing to achieve the recommended range of 0.3-1m/s. These findings provide a theoretical basis for optimizing greenhouse ventilation system design and improving crop growth conditions.