Advanced Biosensing for Early Detection of HIV

Abstract

Early detection of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) has, over the years, been very critical in ensuring effective intervention and, concurrently, controlling the rates of transmission. However, there are serious challenges to a set of conventional diagnostic methods, especially in that window period, the period in which the concentration of the virus may remain low enough to be missed. This paper reviews how such a diagnosis could be achieved using biosensors. Biosensors are made up of detection elements and biological detection elements. These put together can achieve high sensitivity and specificity in the detection of HIV biomarkers. These biomarkers are at low levels. This review is focused on a few biosensing strategies, electrochemical and optical biosensors, and AuNPs and CNTs integration nanomaterials that can be employed to enhance biosensors. It should also consider the point-of-care testing that is called for in resource-constrained areas around the world. The survey indicates that biosensors tend to be more effective than traditional methods in the early detection of HIV infection. Those are quicker and more accurate results that these devices used to produce effective outcomes.