Narrative Host-directed Therapy with COVID-19, Tuberculosis, and AIDS

Tongxin Yang

doi:10.54097/by2qwb75

Authors

Tongxin Yang

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54097/by2qwb75

Keywords:

Vaccine, immunotherapy, host-directed therapy

Abstract

The emergence of COVID-19 and the ongoing menace posed by infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, malaria, influenza, and HIV/AIDS underscore the profound impact infections continue to exert on public health. While vaccines stand out as highly effective protective measures, the development of vaccines for some of these diseases has proven challenging despite decades of research. Similarly, creating drugs and immunotherapies directly targeting pathogens presents formidable obstacles, with the added concern of potential resistance. An alternative strategy lies in host-directed therapies, which intervene in essential host cellular processes for pathogen survival or replication. These therapies may also target the host immune response (immunotherapies) to enhance immunity or mitigate immunopathology. In this article, we offer a historical overview of host-directed immunotherapeutic interventions addressing viral and bacterial infections. Subsequently, our attention turns to SARS-CoV-2 and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, prominent human pathogens in the contemporary landscape. The objective is to illuminate essential insights gleaned from these experiences, discussing potential immunotherapeutic approaches, with a specific emphasis on drugs presently undergoing clinical trials.

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