The Impact of Green Financial Development on Environmental Pollution——Evidence from 244 Prefecture-Level Cities in China

Authors

  • Zhuofei Wu
  • Yixuan Zhu

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54097/3wwx9509

Keywords:

Green Financial Development, Environmental Pollution, Prefecture-Level Cities, Greenwashing.

Abstract

Considering the call for "pollution and emission reduction" of China, it’s of great significance to explore whether the development of sustainable finance contributes to the improvement of ecological and environmental quality is of great significance. Therefore, based on the panel data of 244 prefecture-level cities in China from 2016 to 2023, this paper uses a two-way fixed effects model (TFE) to empirically examine the influence of green financial development on fine particulate matter (PM2.5) emissions. The research results show that the development of green finance has a promoting effect on PM2.5 emissions, indicating a greenwashing phenomenon. This promoting effect remained robust after a set of robustness tests. Heterogeneity analysis shows that the effect of green finance is more evident in less developed regions and central regions.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

[1] Cheng, Z., Li, L., & Liu, J. (2020). The impact of foreign direct investment on urban PM2.5 pollution in China. Journal of Environmental Management, 265, 110532.

[2] Sun, X., Wang, Z., & Loh, L. (2022). Exploring the effect of digital economy on PM2.5 pollution: The role of technological innovation in China. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 10, 904254.

[3] Liu, X. (2018). Effect of energy development and technological innovation on PM2.5 in China: A spatial Durbin econometric analysis. Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society, 2018, 2148318.

[4] Sun, J., Zhou, T., & Wang, D. (2023). Effects of urbanisation on PM₂.₅ concentrations: A systematic review and meta - analysis. Science of The Total Environment, 900, 166493.

[5] Li, G., Fang, C., Wang, S., & Sun, S. (2016). The effect of economic growth, urbanization, and industrialization on fine particulate matter (PM₂.₅) concentrations in China. Environmental Science & Technology, 50(21), 11452–11459.

[6] Le, T. H., Chang, Y., & Park, D. (2021). Governance, environmental vulnerability, and PM2.5 concentrations: International evidence. Journal of Environmental Management, 298, 113548.

[7] Xiang, W., Qi, Q., & Gan, L. (2023). Non-linear effects of green finance on air quality in China: New evidence from a panel threshold model. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 11, 1162137.

[8] Zhou, W., & Wu, X. (2023). Does green finance reduce environmental pollution?—A study based on China’s provincial panel data. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 30(44), 83657–83677.

[9] Stiglitz, J. E., & Weiss, A. (1981). Credit rationing in markets with imperfect information. American Economic Review, 71(3), pp. 393–410.

[10] Li, X., Wang, X., Wang, K. H., & Su, C. W. (2023). Green credit and PM₂.₅: A time-varying perspective in China. Ekonomska Istrazivanja, 36(2).

[11] Akerlof, G. A. (1970). The market for "lemons": Quality uncertainty and the market mechanism. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 84(3), 488–500.

[12] Schmittmann, J. M., & Gao, Y. (2022). Green bond pricing and greenwashing under asymmetric information. IMF Working Papers (No. 246).

[13] Xu, G., Lu, N., & Tong, Y. (2022). Greenwashing and credit spread: Evidence from the Chinese green bond market. Finance Research Letters, 48, 102927.

[14] Shah, S. S., Murodova, G., & Khan, A. (2024). Achieving zero emission targets: The influence of green bonds on clean energy investment and environmental quality. *Journal of Environmental Management*, 364.

[15] Cui, Y., Zhong, C., Cao, J., & Guo, M. (2023). Can green finance effectively mitigate PM2.5 pollution? What role will green technological innovation play? Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 10.1177/0958305X231204030.

[16] Zeng, Y., Wang, F., & Wu, J. (2022). The impact of green finance on urban haze pollution in China: A technological innovation perspective. Energies, 15(3), 801.

[17] Zhao, N., Wang, C., Shi, C., & Liu, X. (2024). The effect of education expenditure on air pollution: Evidence from China. Journal of Environmental Management, 359, 121006.

[18] Ardoin, N. M., Bowers, A. W., & Gaillard, E. (2020). Environmental education outcomes for conservation: A systematic review. Biological Conservation, 241, 108224.

[19] Sarkodie, S.A., Adams, S., Owusu, P.A., Leirvik, T., Ozturk, I., 2020. Mitigating degradation and emissions in China: the role of environmental sustainability, human capital and renewable energy. Sci. Total Environ. 719, 137530.

[20] Xu, G., Lu, N., & Tong, Y. (2022). Greenwashing and credit spread: Evidence from the Chinese green bond market. Finance Research Letters, 48, 102927.

[21] Clark, C. G. (1967). Population growth and land use. St. Martin's Press.

[22] Clark, C. G. (1967). The economics of irrigation. Pergamon Press.

[23] International Monetary Fund. (2016). Fiscal policy for a sustainable environment. In Fiscal Dimensions of Sustainable Development (pp. 33–58). IMF Publishing.

[24] International Monetary Fund. (2023). Environmental taxes and government expenditures on environmental protection. In Data for a Greener World: A Guide for Practitioners and Policymakers (Chapter 3). International Monetary Fund.

[25] Liu, H.-Z., Kou, Z.-X., Sun, Y.-T., & Zhu, P.-H. (2025). Governing greenwashing by government regulation: evidence from China’s listed companies. Applied Economics Letters, DOI: 10.1080/13504851.2025.2489101.

[26] Chen, S., & Li, W. (2019). Local government debt and regional economic growth in China. China Political Economy, 2(2), 330–353. DOI: 10.1108/CPE - 10 - 2019 - 0028

[27] Shi, X., Ma, J. T., & Yue, L. (2023). Green bonds: Green investments or greenwashing? International Review of Financial Analysis, 87, 102850.

Downloads

Published

10-09-2025

How to Cite

Wu, Z., & Zhu, Y. (2025). The Impact of Green Financial Development on Environmental Pollution——Evidence from 244 Prefecture-Level Cities in China. Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology, 154, 130-139. https://doi.org/10.54097/3wwx9509