Research on the Evolution of Agroecosystems Based on Niche Theory

Abstract

This study innovates by constructing a food web model for agroecosystems based on niche theory, utilizing the Volterra equation to investigate interactions between trophic levels and the impact of alien species. We first developed an interaction model between producers and primary consumers, analyzing dynamic changes in niche breadth while introducing native species and beneficial alien species to assess their roles in enhancing biodiversity and stability. Additionally, we integrated Logistic and Volterra equations to simulate crop-weed competition and pest growth, examining how agricultural cycles, pesticides, herbicides, and seasonal variations influence ecosystem dynamics. The results demonstrate that introducing higher-level consumers significantly boosts biodiversity, expands ecological niche breadth, and enhances agroecosystem stability. This research addresses gaps in understanding the quantitative relationships between biotic and abiotic factors, offering systematic tools for sustainable management. By incorporating stable isotope analysis, microbial community studies, and functional trait modeling, this study reveals mechanisms driving species interactions, nutrient cycling, and ecosystem multifunctionality. For instance, findings show that harvest periods and agricultural activities reduce niche breadth and population levels across trophic levels, emphasizing the need for optimized practices. These contributions establish a robust theoretical foundation for advancing eco-efficient agricultural systems, promoting long-term stability, and ensuring sustainable resource utilization. Ultimately, this work provides actionable insights for policymakers and practitioners to balance productivity with ecological health.