Research on the Applications of Novel Two-Dimensional Materials in Energy Storage and Energy Conversion

Abstract

The current energy structure dominated by fossil energy is not only difficult to support the continuous growth of global energy demand but also threatens ecological security due to carbon emissions, and the intermittent and regional defects of renewable energy that need to make breakthroughs in efficient energy storage and conversion technology. Faced with the dual challenges of the structural crisis of the traditional energy system and climate change, the new generation of energy technology with new two-dimensional materials as the core is becoming a key breakthrough to solve the dilemma. Two-dimensional materials show revolutionary potential in the energy field due to their properties such as atomic thickness, controllable electronic structure, and highly active surface. In terms of energy storage, through layer number regulation and heterogeneous structure construction, its conductivity, light absorption efficiency, and ion diffusion rate can be accurately optimized, which can provide an ideal ion transport channel for the energy storage system to alleviate the volume expansion problem. In terms of energy conversion, two-dimensional materials improve catalytic efficiency through the quantum confinement effect. Despite the challenges of preparation processes, environmental stability, and industry suitability, by incorporating artificial intelligence in the development process, upgrading preparation processes, and interdisciplinary collaborative innovation, two-dimensional materials are driving the leapfrog development from nanoscience to engineering applications, which is expected to reshape the energy technology landscape and accelerate the achievement of global carbon neutrality goals.